PHOTO – Christophe Castaner, le chouchou d’Emmanuel Macron n’a pas toujours été “le beau gosse charmeur” du gouvernement

Souriant, bien habillé, blagueur, Christophe Castaner fait partie des beaux gosses du gouvernement. L’homme politique de 51 ans a bien changé. En début de carrière, il ne séduisait pas vraiment les foules.

Les Français ont découvert Christophe Castaner lors de la campagne présidentielle. L’homme de 51 ans a soutenu Emmanuel Macron dès le départ. Porte-parole du mouvement En Marche, il était dans tous les médias : radio, télé, presse, impossible de le manquer.

Aujourd’hui récompensé, Christophe Castaner est un homme politique de premier plan. Il a été nommé secrétaire d’Etat chargé des relations avec le Parlement et porte-parole du gouvernement. Mais sous ce titre un peu pompeux se cache un homme assez cash, qui ne mâche pas ses mots. Dans Le Point, il confesse : « Au fond, je n’ai qu’une peur, c’est de devenir ministre ! Je veux pouvoir dire aux Grandes Gueules que, si je respecte les manifs, il ne faut pas emmerder les Français. Si je devenais standardisé, lisse, chiant, je ne serais plus moi. »

En plus d’être grande gueule, l’homme de 51 ans a une belle gueule et aime plaisanter à ce sujet, comme le révèle cette anecdote racontée au journal Le Point : « J’ai passé la journée à faire des selfies avec des femmes de pompiers qui disaient c’est pour ma fille, pour ma petite fille. Ouais c’est ça, tu causes ! » Et dans les colonnes de 20 minutes, Christophe Castaner assume pleinement son côté kéké : « Je suis une grande gueule, un frimeur. Je fais attention à ce que mes costumes soient originaux, je cultive ma barbe de trois jours…. Tous les politiques ont un égo surdimensionné, mais moi je le sais ! »

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Aujourd’hui très sollicité, Christophe Castaner n’a pas toujours été un homme politique de premier plan. Il n’a pas non plus toujours été le beau gosse d’aujourd’hui. Sa photo de profil sur le site de l’Assemblée nationale en témoigne. On y voit un homme en cravate dorée, avec quelques kilos en trop et un bouc quelque peu passé de mode. Peu influent, Christophe Castaner était très peu sollicité par les journalistes. Depuis, la situation semble avoir bien changé.

Site de l’Assemblée nationale

More Terracotta Warriors emerge from the trenches

Archaeologists have unearthed another army of Terracotta Warriors in their campaign to shed light on history. About 200 more Terracotta Warriors and a large number of weapons from the No 1 Pit of the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang were revealed in the latest round of excavation.

The Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum said on Monday that during the third dig, launched between 2009 and 2019, an area of 400 square meters in the No 1 Pit has been excavated.

No 1 Pit is the largest among three pits that surround the tomb of the nation’s first emperor in northwest China’s Shaanxi province.

Discoveries also included 12 clay horses, traces of two chariots and some building sites. Weapons contained in storage boxes included colored shields, bronze swords and bows.

Shen Maosheng, who leads the excavation, said that based on the different gestures, most of the newly discovered terracotta figures can be divided into two categories. One is warriors holding weapons, bending their right arms with half clenched fists; the other is warriors carrying bows, with their right arms hanging naturally.

Versions of these figures were arranged in different positions in the pit, indicating their individual tasks in the army, while their armor and costume signify the warriors’ ranks, Shen said.

The excavation expanded the study of the military system and equipment of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC), and also provided new insight into the artistic style, characteristics and manufacturing techniques of figurines of the period, Shen added.

With a length of 230 meters, a width of 62 meters and a depth of 5 meters, archaeologists have estimated that there are more than 6,000 clay figures and horses in the 14,260-square-meter pit.

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Diplomats celebrate New Year at Mutianyu Great Wall

An event celebrating the New Year was held at the Mutianyu section of the Great Wall in Beijing on Wednesday morning with traditional Chinese cultural activities staged, such as drumming, dragon and lion dances, as well as a Hanfu crown ceremony.

At 7:33 am in the morning, diplomats from countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative and their family members climbed the Great Wall, embracing the first sunshine of the New Year with cheers and blessings, along with tourists.

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Man Utd's lack of quality depth highlights urgency for January reinforcements

Ole Gunnar Solskjaer called upon a number of fringe players against Wolves but his side lacked any cutting edge in the final third

Watching Manchester United’s back-up forwards struggle to break down a far from full-strength Wolves side on Saturday evening, it was clear that there is an alarming lack of depth within Ole Gunnar Solskjaer’s squad.

Gone are the days of Sir Alex Ferguson having such confidence in his squad that he would willingly leave key starters out of his team for some of the Red Devils’ biggest fixtures, safe in the knowledge that his reserves would do just as good a job as those he regularly relied upon.

Instead, Solskjaer could only watch on as Juan Mata, Tahith Chong and Mason Greenwood toiled alongside Daniel James at Molineux, with Andreas Pereira and Nemanja Matic behind them failing to offer any kind of creativity as the third-round FA Cup tie ended in a forgettable goalless draw.

And while the result and performance will leave some United fans fearful of what is to come when Manchester City visit Old Trafford on Tuesday for the first leg of their Carabao Cup semi-final, in reality the bigger picture is far more concerning.

At 31, Mata’s best days are behind him. While it was understandable that the former Chelsea playmaker was given the chance to extend his stay at the club over the summer as a swathe of attacking talent departed, it is clear now that both parties need to go their separate ways at the end of this season.

Chong, meanwhile, struggled on the right-hand side at Molineux, with his decision making regularly frustrating the travelling United support. It remains too early to write the 20-year-old Dutch wideman off completely, but it is concerning that he has yet to make a lasting impression in his first-team appearances to date.

Perhaps it could have been a game for Angel Gomes, who was regularly cited as the more exciting player when compared with Chong as they came through the academy ranks together, but uncertainty surrounding the 19-year-old’s future as he runs his contract down means Solskjaer has been reluctant to further the development of a player who could join a rival in six months time.

Without him, Greenwood was left to chase down blind alleys while James looked like a player who has been worked too hard over the busy festive schedule. Marcus Rashford offered a spark of quality when summoned off the bench, but he too is in need of a rest, one that, given United’s packed January schedule, will probably not be forthcoming.

Solskjaer was, of course, hindered by the absence of Anthony Martial and Jesse Lingard through illness and Paul Pogba through injury, but even then there are issues that need to be resolved.

Martial has begun to come under criticism after an encouraging start to the season and it is starting to become clear that he perhaps does not possess the attributes required to play as an attacking focal point on a weekly basis.

Lingard, meanwhile, has become something of a punchline after going a full 12 months without either scoring or providing an assist in the Premier League. For a player who has emerged as Solskjaer’s preferred No.10, that is a real issue.

Pogba, meanwhile, remains the one deep-lying midfielder who can relied upon to provide key passes from midfield and break down the kinds of defences that United have struggled against during their up-and-down campaign. But with the World Cup winner now set for surgery on the ankle injury that has limited him to just two appearances since September and Mino Raiola back making disparaging remarks about United to the media, the end does seem nigh for Pogba at United.

It says something for United’s attack that even the absence of Scott McTominay – for all intents and purposes a defensive midfielder – was felt in the final third, with Matic unable to match the energy of a player eight years his junior.

Solskjaer’s lack of options can be best summed up by his final substitution on Saturday seeing Diogo Dalot – a player who Jose Mourinho described as being “Manchester United’s right-back for the next decade” – being thrown on as a right winger. Solskjaer has nowhere to turn. It is on Ed Woodward and the United hierarchy to act in January.

The club’s primary No.9 options to provide competition for Martial have already gone elsewhere, with Mario Mandzukic moving to Qatar to join Al-Duhail while Erling Braut Haaland was persuaded to join Borussia Dortmund rather than make the leap to the Premier League from Red Bull Salzburg.

Wolves star Raul Jimenez has now emerged as a target, with preliminary talks regarding a potential transfer under way. Quite where United go if they cannot push that one through in the middle of the season is anyone’s guess, though Rashford’s improved output in front of goal and Greenwood gaining further experience may allow for them to wait until the summer.

Further back it seems as if Christian Eriksen is set for Inter, while prising James Maddison away from Leicester City is likely to prove difficult until the summer at the earliest, even if reports on Sunday claimed that Lingard was being offered as part of the deal to bring the ex-Norwich man to Old Trafford. Given the lack of creativity on show throughout the season in Pogba’s absence, this is the area which should be focusing most of Woodward’s thoughts.

Against City, Rashford and Fred will certainly return, while Martial and Lingard too will likely come back into contention if they can prove their fitness. With Aaron Wan-Bissaka in to provide defensive stability in place of Ashley Young there will still be some diminished returns going forward, but at least the XI will bear more of a striking resemblance to that which provided the highlight of United’s campaign to date as they ran out 2-1 winners at the Etihad Stadium in December.

Repeating the trick for Solskjaer across two legs may prove his most difficult task to date, particularly with Pep Guardiola unlikely to offer United’s attackers quite the same space to move into this time around. Solskjaer has stuck steadfastly with his preferred system in recent months, and with limited options to change things in the final third, he has his hands tied somewhat even if there are wider issues with his coaching ability.

With an away game to follow in the second leg, Solskjaer could choose to keep things tight and minimise any potential damage in the first match. For that plan to succeed, though, it would need three unlikely events.

Solskjaer would need to reintroduce a defensive discipline that has rarely been seen since Mourinho’s second season, while also switching from his previously successful approach to try something different. Perhaps most importantly, he would require Manchester City’s attacking talent to misfire. 

Otherwise, his option is to stick to the same plan as ever and hope that McTominay’s absence is not felt as much as it seems likely to be.

Counter-attacking into space when it is regularly offered up is a sensible tactic and makes the most out of a team that is not short of pace. Guardiola is plainly no fool, however, and while the massed minds of the Premier League’s top sides have essentially been willing victims of United so far this term, surely City cannot ignore the obvious yet again.

As far as United are concerned, Woodward cannot let yet another manager go on with such an underwhelming collection of players.

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Arteta: Arsenal need clarity and stability around captaincy

The new Gunners boss believes the club’s leaders need to step up, but he won’t be making any changes to the set-up

Arsenal manager Mikel Arteta believes the club must create stability and clarity when it comes to their captain moving forward. 

Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang is the current Gunners skipper after Granit Xhaka was stripped of the armband last year after clashing with fans in October. 

Former Arsenal coach Unai Emery had initially established a five-man leadership group containing Aubameyang and Xhaka along with Hector Bellerin, Alexandre Lacazette and Mesut Ozil.

A blind vote within the club saw Xhaka picked as captain at the start of the season before Aubameyang was called on to step up. 

While Arteta has ruled out further captaincy changes, he has stressed the club must make sure their leaders are having the right impact. 

“The more stability we can generate with our captain and the players we have in the squad, I think the more clarity we will have to transmit to the fans what we are trying to do,” Arteta said. 

“There are many factors, some we cannot control, but at the moment everything is ok and not the time for me to change things in place because I haven’t seen real things to make the decisions.

“I have been at clubs that have four or five captains. It is more a leadership group than captains. At the end, it is one guy wearing the armband and after the team picks the leaders.

“The moment they pick the leaders is when someone talks if they listen or they are looking at the roof. That is when you see.

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“The moment you start to see different groups, they have leaders in this groups, but they are not shared in the best common interests of the group and this is what I wanted to avoid.

“We have some leaders, some are more leaders on the pitch and some more outside the pitch. Some have influence to players that is very necessary. We want to bring all together.”

Arteta himself captained the Gunners as a player and revealed he thought Arsene Wenger made a mistake when he was first handed the armband in 2012. 

“I didn’t know. I arrived and I had the armband next to my t-shirt. I asked Arsene ‘boss, this is here, is it a mistake?’ He said ‘no, you are the captain’ and I was like ok, good,” he said.

“It felt incredible. I wasn’t here a long time and he put a lot of faith in me just when I arrived. I was very privileged and honoured.”

Hudson-Odoi knows he can do better at Chelsea – Morris

The golden boy of the Blues’ academy is going through a rough patch in his career but their assistant coach believes it is to be expected

Jody Morris has admitted that Callum Hudson-Odoi is not at his best right now and that the 19-year-old is learning what it is like to face real hardship for the first time in his career.

Chelsea have struggled to kill games off in recent weeks and haven’t been able to find back-to-back wins in the Premier League since the last international break in late November.

Hudson-Odoi has become a particular target of criticism among some of the Blues fan base on social media which the coaching staff has taken note of in recent weeks.

With manager Frank Lampard ill for his media duties, his assistant Morris stepped in. Morris has been watching Hudson-Odoi come through the academy since re-joining as a coach at U18 level six years ago and is working to get the youngster back to his best.

“Me and Joe [Edwards] have both worked with him,” Morris told reporters at Cobham Training Centre. “Frank, not so much but he was around quite a lot with me when Callum was working with me.

“Being away for a year, a lot can happen in a year, especially at such a young age. We all saw what happened with his contract but now that’s done and dusted it is a little bit like let’s knuckle down and get to work.

“The signs at the moment are that he wants to do that. He wants to work hard and improve. The proof is in the pudding and when he gets his chance, he has to make sure he is ready to take it.

“But we do have to keep reminding ourselves that to rupture you Achilles as an 18-year-old, having not played much first-team football and to play the way we want to play then it will take time, I think.

“Not only he is young and he hasn’t gone through any tough spells in his life at the moment. I can’t remember when he has had a serious injury like he has had before. Everything has been plain sailing throughout the academy.

“He was one of the best players in the building for a long time. He did okay last year when he came in, albeit not in the kind of bigger games but remember his age, the fact he hasn’t played regular first-team football and the seriousness of the injury.

“I think those are things you do have to take into account; you need to give the kid time. Can he do better? Yes. He knows he can do better.

“He has been told he can do better, but at the same time, there are moments when you see things he is doing like in the Southampton game that we have asked of him off-the-ball.

“Although some might look from the outside and say he didn’t have the best game but there were things he was trying to do that we asked him to do in the first-half that was pleasing for the manager.

“So there is a bit of a balancing act of, yes you need to perform, but at the same time you need to take into account those points that I said.”

Hudson-Odoi’s poor form is partly rooted in his recent Achilles tendon rupture which he sustained towards the end of last season. He has since come back under a new coach who plays a high-energy style of football and is continuing to adapt to those physical demands.

Chelsea moved to renew Hudson-Odoi’s contract early in the season and offered an unprecedented worth up to £180,000-a-week with performance-related add-ons after Bayern Munich pushed hard to sign him. Morris doesn’t believe that the contract has led to increased pressure on the winger.

“He certainly isn’t showing any signs of that in being around the place,” he added. “You have always got to make sure. He has been asking me about his clips that he wants to go through a couple of days ago so I quite like that from him.

“He wanted to look at the game and go through clips and when someone is actively trying to improve, then you have got a chance.”

Hudson-Odoi is likely to start his side’s next game as they welcome Nottingham Forest to Stamford Bridge in the FA Cup.

Morris thinks that the youngsters will need to continue to develop with opposition players getting to know their skillsets and with them learning how to stop them.

“I think the level of player that we have produced is giving them a better chance of maybe making that step,” he continued. “They probably have a better chance now Frank is manager than they have had previously but, at the same time, just because they do well as young players as 15, 16, 17 years olds, going to do it in the first team for Chelsea is difficult.

“Sometimes you come in and do well because nobody really knows too much about you but then the real tough part comes when there is demands weekly regular demands. It is about whether you can live up to those expectations and only time will tell and only if you perform well, in the beginning, to stay in there.

“Of course, there is no way I can get away from the fact that I am a homegrown player myself. I am a massive Chelsea fan so there is nothing better [than seeing academy talent]. I think every club is like that there is nothing better than seeing their homegrown players coming through.

“The fact we have had seven debutants this year is suggesting we are maybe giving some of them a chance, but it is not just about getting debuts it is about whether you can get some regulars. Some people competing to start week-in week-out.

“There’s some young lads here who are certainly not ready to play week-in week-out but at the same time, they are at least knocking on the door to try and impress the manager.

“As you can see, you never know what is going to come around the corner when you have got Mason Mounts and Tammy Abrahams. I am not sure they would have thought years ago that they are going to play many games for Chelsea.”

'Shut your f*cking mouth' – Cucurella denies racism against Real Madrid's Militao

The Spaniard has been quick to clarify exactly what he said during a fiery encounter in Spain’s top-flight

Getafe defender Marc Cucurella denied allegations he racially abused Real Madrid’s Eder Militao during their La Liga match on Saturday.

The two were involved in a heated exchange during the second half of Madrid’s 3-0 victory at the Coliseum Alfonso Perez.

It was alleged on social media that Cucurella, who joined Getafe on a season-long loan from Barcelona last July, addressed Militao with the word ‘mico’, which means monkey in Catalan.

Cucurella said he used the Castilian Spanish term ‘pico’, which translates in the context used as mouth.

“I would like to clarify that in no moment did I insult Militao. My words were ‘Shut your f*cking mouth’,” he posted on Twitter.

“I apologise if anyone has been offended by this. These are the only statements I have made and that I will make about it. Thank you.”

Real Madrid’s comfortable win was secured via a double from Raphael Varane and an injury-time strike from Luka Modric. 

The win for Zinedine Zidane’s side temporarily took them to the top of La Liga with Barcelona set to reclaim first should they draw with or beat Espanyol later on Saturday. 

For Zidane however, the victory was a crucial way to start 2020 in the right manner as they look to keep pace with the Catalans. 

“It’s a difficult place to go and get a result and we did it,” Zidane told the press.

“It was an important and hard-fought victory. We achieved a good result. We knew that we had to come and play against a difficult team, but we did it.

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“We started the year well after everyone was always telling us that we start badly.

“It’s important for us to pick up points because it’s a very difficult league title race. The players were plugged in from the first minute with great intensity.

“The goals from Varane today showed that we have lots of resources to score.”

Getafe, meanwhile, remain seventh in La Liga after a solid start to their campaign with the club just five points shy of a Champions League spot after 19 games. 

Both sides return to action mid-week in cup competitions with Los Blancos to face Valencia in the Supercopa semi-finals and Getafe drawn against Badalona in the Copa del Rey second round. 

Canadian Dollar Won 2019, And Some Say It Has Much More Room To Run

MONTREAL ― The loonie had the best year of any major currency in the world in 2019, sparking some optimistic predictions about where the Canadian dollar is headed next.

Among the optimists is London-based Capital Economics, which is predicting the loonie will hit 82 cents U.S. sometime in 2021, thanks to a resurgence in oil prices and a weakening U.S. dollar.

But before that, it predicts the loonie will likely give back some of its recent gains, because of weakness in Canada’s economy at the end of 2019.

Watch: All the ways Canadians and Americans are now totally different from each other, financially. Story continues below.

 

Canada’s job market shed a surprisingly large number of jobs at the end of 2019, while exports and retail sales also disappointed.

“Our estimates suggest that the consensus is still overestimating (economics) growth in the fourth quarter, which we think was close to zero,” Capital Economics’ senior Canada economist, Stephen Brown, wrote in a client note Friday.

That will drag the loonie down to around 75 cents U.S., Brown predicted, before it continues its ascent. 

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The Canadian dollar had a stellar run right at the very end of 2019, breaking through the 77-cent mark on December 31, the first time it hit that level since October 2018. It was hovering around the 77-cent mark in mid-day trading on Friday.

The loonie grew modestly against the U.S. dollar in 2019, up just short of 5 per cent, but that was enough to make it the strongest major currency over the course of the year. According to data crunched by the Globe and Mail, only a handful of smaller currencies ― including the Thai baht and the Russian ruble ― appreciated against the loonie last year.

Bank of Canada would fight a strong loonie

But Capital Economics’ prediction this rally will continue is hardly the consensus view. For one thing, the Bank of Canada wouldn’t be happy about it, as it would make life more difficult for Canadian exporters.

“The key risk is the BoC itself, which tends to talk more dovishly whenever (the Canadian dollar) shows material strength,” said Shahab Jalinoos, head of foreign exchange strategy at global banking giant Credit Suisse, as quoted at Bloomberg News.

A stronger Canadian dollar would make it likelier the Bank of Canada would cut interest rates, in an effort to make the loonie less attractive to foreign investors.

The fact that Canada is one of the few developed countries not to have cut interest rates recently is one reason the loonie’s rally has some room to run, but only to around 78 cents U.S., Jalinoos predicts. 

In a report last month, economists at CIBC noted that the weakness in Canada’s economy is related to exports ― meaning a lower loonie would help at this point.

Their own forecast for the loonie, from mid-December,  sees the Bank of Canada lowering interest rates in the early months of this year, causing the loonie to drop to around 72.5 cents U.S. by the end of the year.

“Longer term, a weaker loonie will be a necessary ingredient to rebalance more growth towards exports and thereby reduce the reliance on rising household debt,” economists Avery Shenfeld and Taylor Rochwerg wrote.

Canada’s Economy To Overtake Brazil, Italy To Reach #8 On Global Rankings: Report

MONTREAL ― Canada’s high levels of immigration have pushed the country back into the world’s top 10 largest economies, and the country is expected to keep rising in the rankings over the next decade, a new report predicts.

For decades, economists predicted Canada’s economy would drop out of the ranks of the world’s largest as less-developed countries caught up with the developed world. And, indeed, Canada did fall out of the top 10 about a decade ago. 

Watch: What’s in store for Canada’s economy in 2020? Story continues below.

 

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But the annual World Economic League Table from the London-based Centre for Economics and Business Research (Cebr) shows Canada has regained its top-10 status, ranking as the 10th largest economy in the world in 2018 and 2019.

East Asia’s once-booming economies aren’t growing as quickly as they had been. Meanwhile, Canada’s ability to attract skilled immigrants means it will keep growing in the rankings, Cebr said in a report. It expects Canada to overtake both Italy and Brazil to have the world’s 8th-largest economy by 2029.

“One of the persistent themes of this report is that countries that are successful in attracting skilled migrants tend to grow faster. And reflecting this, Canada and Australia, which are two of the most successful countries at attracting inward migration, are predicted to rise in the rankings,” Cebr said.

The slowdown in Asia means Cebr expects China to overtake the U.S. as the world’s largest economy a little later than previously expected, around 2033, from an earlier estimate of around 2030.

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Strong growth in the U.S. means the country accounted for 24.8 per cent of the global economy in 2019, its highest share since 2007, the report noted.

“The biggest surprise is how well the U.S. economy has managed to do, reaching its highest share of world GDP for 12 years,” Cebr deputy chairperson Douglas McWilliams said in a statement. 

“Though our view is that it has reached its high water mark and, moving forward, the deficit and its trade disputes will start to hold it back. Still, this is a remarkable performance for an old world economy. ”

U.S.-Chinese tensions could define global economy

The report noted that India has now “decisively” overtaken Britain and France to have the world’s fifth-largest economy. By 2034, it will have leapfrogged Germany and Japan to take third place, after China and the U.S., Cebr predicts.

Despite many developing countries ― particularly in Asia ― rising in the ranks, the emerging global economy is one that will be dominated by the U.S. and China, Cebr said, with those two countries together controlling 42 per cent of the global economy by 2034.

“The 2020s are set to be a decade marked by continued tensions between the U.S. and China on multiple fronts, ranging from trade to tech, which will cast a long shadow over the rest of the global economy.” Cebr senior economist Pablo Shah said.

In First 2 Days Of 2020, Top CEOs Already Made More Than The Rest Of Us Will This Year

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OTTAWA — Canada’s 100 highest-paid chief executives were paid record amounts in 2018 in comparison to the employees beneath them, according to a new report released Thursday.

The Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives said the average CEO at a top publicly traded company would have made as much money as the average Canadian worker will make all year as of 10:09 a.m. Thursday morning. That’s the earliest time on record in the 13 years the centre has been tracking the numbers

Those CEOs made 227 times more than the average worker made in 2018, the most recent year figures are available, the centre said. That’s up from 197 times average worker pay in 2017.

“Growth in the vast gap between excessive CEO compensation and average incomes is an indicator of Canada’s income inequality juggernaut,” said report author and CCPA senior economist David Macdonald.

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“Wealth continues to concentrate at the very top while average incomes barely keep up with inflation.”

The report also found 79 per cent of the average CEO’s pay in 2018 came from bonuses related to company stock prices, even in some cases where companies were losing money.

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As well, just four women are among Canada’s richest 100 CEOs, up from three in 2017.

The country’s highest paid 100 CEOs, working for firms on the S&P/TSX Composite index, made, on average, $11.8 million in 2018, according to the report.

In 2016 the average CEO income was $10.4 million.

And while average worker pay rose just 2.6 per cent between 2017 and 2018, top CEOs saw their pay rise by 18 per cent during the same period, the CCPA said.

Macdonald suggests the federal government could address excessive CEO pay through a review of tax loopholes, as proposed in the Liberals’ December fiscal update, with a focus on the preferential treatment of stock options and capital gains.

Finance Minister Bill Morneau has been tasked with changing rules for stock-option deductions, as well as reviewing tax expenditures with an eye on the wealthy, as part of his ministerial mandate letter published last month.

A spokesman for the Business Council of Canada, which represents business leaders across the country, said no one from the council could be reached to comment on the CCPA report.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Jan. 2, 2020.